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Architectural drawing is simply the technical drawing of a house, a building, or any kind of structure. Technical drawings are graphic representations such as lines and symbols that follow specific conventions of scale and projection. They are used in architecture, construction, engineering, or mapping. In other words, they are a set of sketches, diagrams, and plans, used to design, construct, and document buildings. It's a schematic representation of a building.Architects, for instance, use architectural drawing to convey and develop a design idea into a coherent proposal. Also, they use it to communicate ideas and concepts. They may use them to indicate the overall appearance, inside or outside the building, or they may be used to highlight the precise measurements for construction. These drawings are usually issued as a set, with different sheets indicating different types of construction such as electrical, mechanical, and plumbing.
3D laser scanning comes into its own when utilized within the heritage environment. The ability to accurately capture complex and irregular features quickly and remotely has obvious benefits over traditional survey techniques. Combined with photographic imagery a comprehensive base dataset can be achieved.

At Axon 3D World we are regularly engaged in industrial projects where there is a need to update systems within existing installations and Delivering Digital Plant, the process begins with laser scanning of the existing site, later creating as-built documentation and then working with the client through the design process and finally clash checking design against as built in a virtual environment.
Architectural drawing is simply the technical drawing of a house, a building, or any kind of structure. Technical drawings are graphic representations such as lines and symbols that follow specific conventions of scale and projection. They are used in architecture, construction, engineering, or mapping. In other words, they are a set of sketches, diagrams, and plans, used to design, construct, and document buildings. It's a schematic representation of a building. Architects, for instance, use architectural drawing to convey and develop a design idea into a coherent proposal. Also, they use it to communicate ideas and concepts. They may use them to indicate the overall appearance, inside or outside the building. Or they may be used to highlight the precise measurements for construction. These drawings are usually issued as a set, with different sheets indicating different types of construction such as electrical, mechanical, and plumbing
Airport simulation is the computer-based modeling of any real-world process involved with an airport. Simulation allows organizations in the industry to analyze and experiment with their processes in a virtual setting, reducing the time and cost requirements associated with physical testing. Security, gates, and luggage services can be analyzed and tested within a simulation model, allowing airports to determine how best to fully utilize their resources at the lowest possible cost and without compromising safety.

School 3D scanning is the process of analyzing three-dimensional objects more realistically to collect data on their shape and possibly their appearance (e.g. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models. Collected 3D data is useful for a wide variety of applications.

Building information modeling (BIM) in industrialized bridge construction is usually performed based on initial design information. Differences exist between the model of the structure and its actual geometric dimensions and features due to the manufacturing, transportation, hoisting, assembly, and load-bearing of the structure. These variations affect the construction project handover and facility management. The solutions available at present entail the use of point clouds to reconstruct BIM. However, these solutions still encounter problems, such as the inability to obtain the actual geometric features of a bridge quickly and accurately. Moreover, the created BIM is nonparametric and cannot be dynamically adjusted. This paper proposes a fully automatic method of reconstructing parameterized BIM by using point clouds to address the abovementioned problems. An algorithm for bridge point cloud segmentation is developed; the algorithm can separate the bridge point cloud from the entire scanning scene and segment the unit structure point cloud. Another algorithm for extracting the geometric features of the bridge point cloud is also proposed; this algorithm is effective for partially missing point clouds.

Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are some of the highest intensity areas of patient care activities in hospitals, yet documentation and understanding of the occurrence of these activities remain sub-optimal due in part to the already demanding patient care workloads of nursing staff. Recently, computer vision-based methods operating over color and depth data collected from passive mounted sensors have been developed for automated activity recognition, but have been limited to coarse or simple activities due to the complex environments in ICUs, where fast-changing activities and severe occlusion occur. In this work, we introduce an approach for tackling more challenging activities in ICUs by combining depth data from multiple sensors to form a single 3D point cloud representation and using a neural network-based model to reason over this 3D representation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using a dataset of mobility-related patient care activities collected in a clinician-guided simulation setting.

Several methods related to continuous deformation monitoring have been applied to evaluate tunnel safety and verify the effectiveness of tunnel design, e.g., automatic tracking total station observation technology, digital close-range photogrammetry, and a direct point measurement technique. To improve the performance of deformation monitoring, terrestrial laser scanning, also known as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), has been introduced to obtain complete information about tunnel deformation. With the development of wireless sensing techniques and networks have been established to measure the vault deformation, joint opening, and water leakage of tunnels. To calculate the proposed ratio c for a tunnel, all the shear forces QðxÞ and bending moments MðxÞ can be obtained at different cross-sections by first establishing a finite element model of the tunnel and then calculating the ratio c using Eqs.

In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and artificial features. A topographic survey is typically based upon systematic observation and published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A topographic map series uses a common specification that includes the range of cartographic symbols employed, as well as a standard geodetic framework that defines the map projection, coordinate system, ellipsoid, and geodetic datum. Official topographic maps also adopt a national grid referencing system
Point cloud mapping is a process in which a laser tracker locates several pre-designated points in space and converts the information into a virtual map. For example, there may be vertical building support close to where a new rotary dryer will be located. Using a laser tracker, that beam can be accurately located and measured concerning the rest of the building. The process is so precise, that the service team can use our laser tracker to map components to within .001”.